If your frame is felxy and you race, I tihnk it's good for beginners, because you learn how to pedal efficiently to reduce the flex. Therefore your pedalstroke becomes awesome. I think that this is one of the reasons why the riders of the olden days had such magnificent pedal strokes.
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Aerobic vs. anerobic refers to the energy system being used to power the muscles, not the muscles themselves. The muscles used by the aerobic system are exactly the same as the ones used in the anerobic system. Before the muscles can be powered, they must be adequate to get the job done. Weight lifting (modest weight, high reps; IOW, not power lifting) will build muscle useful to cyclists. As an example of this, I looked at some of Lance Armstrong's off season training sessions (they were posted on the web on some news site I was looking at). Many of his off season drills consisted of riding at 60 rpm! That's leg presses on the bike; i.e. weight training!
Intervals are a different beast and are used to train the energy systems. Long intervals train the aerobic energy system. Short intervals train the anerobic energy system. The muscles that these energy systems provide energy for are the same. There are no "anerobic muscles" or "aerobic muscles". If you don't have the strength in your legs to push your bike up a slope at a certain speed, you can do all the aerobic intervals you wish and you won't get considerably faster. You will simply get more comfortable riding the bike up a slope at a constant speed.
Perhaps you are talking about short twitch and long twitch muscle fibers. Short twitch produce power quickly (useful for sprinters), and long twitch are associated with endurance (useful for climbers). As far as I know, the ratio between the two is genetic and you cannot change the ratio by any sort of weight lifting or interval training.
As to the mimicing motion: weight lifting is about isolating and working only specific muscle groups. It is beneficial in that regard, and you modify the exercises to change from one muscle group to another. All sports use weight lifting to assist in building muscular strength, and none of this weight lifting can precisely mimic the actions of any specific sport.
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